Abstract Introduction: Plasmatic fibrinogen is known as a main risk factor to cardiometabolic diseases through mechanisms such as thrombin formation, platelet aggregation and inflammation, part of the endothelial dysfunction leading to Acute Coronary Syndrome. Elevated fibrinogen levels may be present in subjects with obesity; however, there is no enough information on whether this is also the same among metabolically obese normal-weight subjects (MONW). Objective: To determine the association between being MONW and fibrinogen levels in a sample of Peruvian inhabitants. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study. Secondary data analysis of the PERU MIGRANT study (2007, 989 participants). For the diagnosis of MONW, it was considered if it presented two or more characteristics such as: waist circumference (anthropometric evaluation), triglycerides, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, insulin resistance through HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein. Elevated fibrinogen ≥450 mg/dL was considered. For regression analysis we used generalized linear model with link log and family Poisson with robust variance. We present crude prevalence ratio and adjusted by mentioned variables, as association parameter. We considered confidence interval 95%. Results: Of the 393 selected participants, 46.3% were women, the median of age was 47(37-56), only 13.5% had elevated fibrinogen levels. The prevalence of the MONW subject was 32.67%. In the correlation analysis, there was only a statistically significant relationship between fibrinogen and plasma CRP (rho= 0.54; p<0.001). In multiple regression, association was found between being MONW and high plasma fibrinogen levels (PR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.44-2.57; p<0.001). Conclusions: There is an association between high levels of plasmatic fibrinogen and MONW. These results can serve as a first step for future prospective research, either to be a risk factor or as an additional marker of consideration for monitoring and diagnosis in normal-weight people.

Resumen Introducción: El fibrinógeno plasmático es reconocido como un factor de riesgo importante para eventos cardiometabólicos a través de mecanismos como la formación de trombina, agregación plaquetaria e inflamación, todos partes de la disfunción endotelial conducentes al Síndrome Coronario Agudo. Elevados niveles pueden estar presentes en sujetos con obesidad, sin embargo, no hay información suficiente sobre si esto también es igual en los sujetos delgados metabólicamente obesos (DMO). Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el DMO y niveles de fibrinógeno en una muestra de pobladores peruanos. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico. Análisis de datos secundarios del estudio PERU MIGRANT (2007, 989 participantes). Para el diagnóstico de DMO se consideró si presentaba dos o más características de siete criterios metabólicos: circunferencia de la cintura (mediante evaluación antropométrica), triglicéridos, glucosa en ayunas, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, colesterol-HDL, HOMA-IR, proteína C reactiva (PCR). Se consideró fibrinógeno (elevado ≥450 mg/dL). Para el análisis de regresión, se realizó un modelo lineal generalizado con enlace log y familia Poisson con varianza robusta. De esa forma, se obtuvo como medida de asociación las razones de prevalencia crudas (RPc) y ajustadas (RPa) por las covariables mencionadas, se consideró intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: De los 393 participantes seleccionados, el 46,3% fueron mujeres, la mediana de edad fue 47(37-56), 13,5% presentó niveles de fibrinógeno elevado. La prevalencia de DMO fue 32,67%. Solo hubo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre fibrinógeno y el PCR-plasmático (rho=0,54; p<0,001). La regresión múltiple, encontró asociación entre el DMO y el nivel altos fibrinógeno plasmático (RP=1,93 IC95%: 1,44-2,57; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre los niveles altos de fibrinógeno plasmático y el DMO. Estos resultados pueden servir para futuras investigaciones prospectivas, ya sea para considerarlo un factor de riesgo o como un marcador adicional para el seguimiento y diagnóstico en personas delgadas.

Abstract Introduction: Plasmatic fibrinogen is known as a main risk factor to cardiometabolic diseases through mechanisms such as thrombin formation, platelet aggregation and inflammation, part of the endothelial dysfunction leading to Acute Coronary Syndrome. Elevated fibrinogen levels may be present in subjects with obesity; however, there is no enough information on whether this is also the same among metabolically obese normal-weight subjects (MONW). Objective: To determine the association between being MONW and fibrinogen levels in a sample of Peruvian inhabitants. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study. Secondary data analysis of the PERU MIGRANT study (2007, 989 participants). For the diagnosis of MONW, it was considered if it presented two or more characteristics such as: waist circumference (anthropometric evaluation), triglycerides, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, insulin resistance through HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein. Elevated fibrinogen ≥450 mg/dL was considered. For regression analysis we used generalized linear model with link log and family Poisson with robust variance. We present crude prevalence ratio and adjusted by mentioned variables, as association parameter. We considered confidence interval 95%. Results: Of the 393 selected participants, 46.3% were women, the median of age was 47(37-56), only 13.5% had elevated fibrinogen levels. The prevalence of the MONW subject was 32.67%. In the correlation analysis, there was only a statistically significant relationship between fibrinogen and plasma CRP (rho= 0.54; p<0.001). In multiple regression, association was found between being MONW and high plasma fibrinogen levels (PR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.44-2.57; p<0.001). Conclusions: There is an association between high levels of plasmatic fibrinogen and MONW. These results can serve as a first step for future prospective research, either to be a risk factor or as an additional marker of consideration for monitoring and diagnosis in normal-weight people.

Resumen Introducción: El fibrinógeno plasmático es reconocido como un factor de riesgo importante para eventos cardiometabólicos a través de mecanismos como la formación de trombina, agregación plaquetaria e inflamación, todos partes de la disfunción endotelial conducentes al Síndrome Coronario Agudo. Elevados niveles pueden estar presentes en sujetos con obesidad, sin embargo, no hay información suficiente sobre si esto también es igual en los sujetos delgados metabólicamente obesos (DMO). Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el DMO y niveles de fibrinógeno en una muestra de pobladores peruanos. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico. Análisis de datos secundarios del estudio PERU MIGRANT (2007, 989 participantes). Para el diagnóstico de DMO se consideró si presentaba dos o más características de siete criterios metabólicos: circunferencia de la cintura (mediante evaluación antropométrica), triglicéridos, glucosa en ayunas, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, colesterol-HDL, HOMA-IR, proteína C reactiva (PCR). Se consideró fibrinógeno (elevado ≥450 mg/dL). Para el análisis de regresión, se realizó un modelo lineal generalizado con enlace log y familia Poisson con varianza robusta. De esa forma, se obtuvo como medida de asociación las razones de prevalencia crudas (RPc) y ajustadas (RPa) por las covariables mencionadas, se consideró intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: De los 393 participantes seleccionados, el 46,3% fueron mujeres, la mediana de edad fue 47(37-56), 13,5% presentó niveles de fibrinógeno elevado. La prevalencia de DMO fue 32,67%. Solo hubo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre fibrinógeno y el PCR-plasmático (rho=0,54; p<0,001). La regresión múltiple, encontró asociación entre el DMO y el nivel altos fibrinógeno plasmático (RP=1,93 IC95%: 1,44-2,57; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre los niveles altos de fibrinógeno plasmático y el DMO. Estos resultados pueden servir para futuras investigaciones prospectivas, ya sea para considerarlo un factor de riesgo o como un marcador adicional para el seguimiento y diagnóstico en personas delgadas.

ABSTRACT In this note we study inhomogeneous random bipartite graphs in random environment. These graphs can be thought of as an extension of the classical Erdös-Rényi random bi-partite graphs in a random environment. We show that the expected number of perfect matchings obeys a precise asymptotic.

RESUMEN En esta nota estudiamos grafos aleatorios bipartitos inhomogéneos en un ambiente aleatorio. Estos grafos pueden ser pensados como una extensión de los grafos bipartitos aleatorios clásicos de Erdös-Rényi en un ambiente aleatorio. Mostramos que el número esperado de pareos obedece un comportamiento asintótico preciso.

ABSTRACT The fundamental objective of military field training exercises (FTX) is to prepare military personnel for real-life operations through simulated scenarios. These training sessions often require extreme physical efforts with prolonged, high-intensity exercises that can be combined with food restrictions and partial, or total, sleep deprivation. Such conditions can compromise an individual’s physical performance and cause tissue damage, thus affecting their health. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature to identify studies that measured the changes in hormone levels and biomarkers of cellular injury and oxidative stress resulting from FTX with high levels of energy expenditure combined with food and sleep restrictions. PubMed and the Scopus database were searched for articles that combined physical effort/food restriction/sleep deprivation with military training. The initial database search identified 158 articles that were reduced to 18 after confirmation. Significant reductions were reported in thyroid hormones, T3, T4, and anabolic hormones such as testosterone, insulin and androstenedione. An exception for GH was found, which increased throughout FTX. Less distinct responses to FTX were observed with cortisol, TSH and LH. The presence of biomarkers for cellular damage (myoglobin, TNF, and CRP) and increased immune response activities were also described. The scarcity of information on oxidative stress, analyses of cellular injury and biomarkers of inflammatory responses warrants the future study of these topics, which could be helpful in facilitating the safe and effective physical preparations of the members of the armed forces.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mushroom meal supplementation, Pleurotus djamor var. roseus (Pd), on the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), on hematological parameters and growth performance for 60 days. Nile tilapia fingerlings (3.23 ± 0.19 g) were fed with three experimental diets based on the mushroom meal in different percentages: diet 0% control (MM0), diet 15% (MM15), diet 20% (MM20) and diet 25% (MM25). Blood samples from the fish of all treatments were collected at the start of the experiment (day 0), 30 and 60 days. The weight and size of the fish were determined every 15 days (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days). The results showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the levels of erythrocytes count and leukocytes count. The groups that showed significant differences in the basal value and the final control result were hematocrit, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte. An increase in lymphocytes proportion and a decrease in neutrophils were found, which was related to the immune response of fish fed the diet. The highest levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and low neutrophils were presented in the diet with 15 and 20% (P < 0.05). The growth (weight gain and specific growth rate) of fish fed MM15 and MM20 of Pd in the diet was higher than the control group (P > 0.05). Dietary supplementation (15 and 20%) improved hematological and defense blood cells, as well as the growth of tilapia.

Resumo A troca de missivas entre os intelectuais, no decorrer do século XX, se tornou um meio eficaz para a circulação de textos inéditos entre intelectuais modernistas. É importante destacar que, se este não foi um hábito restrito a esse momento histórico, desenvolveu-se de forma considerável nele. As correspondências trocadas entre os integrantes do Modernismo brasileiro e da vanguarda argentina revelam que a partilha do texto inédito se estabeleceu entre eles como uma prática constante. Luís da Câmara Cascudo, Monteiro Lobato, Mário de Andrade, Joaquim Inojosa, Braulio Sanchéz-Saes e Luís E. Sotto, foram, sem dúvida, alguns desses intelectuais. O artigo tem por objetivo estudar a ação de Luís da Câmara Cascudo na divulgação do modernismo brasileiro na Argentina Intelectual durante os anos de 1922 a 1925.

Abstract The exchange of letters between intellectuals during the 20th century became an effective means to circulate unpublished texts among modernist intellectuals. It is essential to highlight that if this was not a habit restricted to that historical moment, it developed considerably. Correspondence between the Brazilian Modernism members and the Argentine avant-garde reveals that the sharing of unpublished text was established between them as a constant practice. Luís da Câmara Cascudo, Monteiro Lobato, Mário de Andrade, Joaquim Inojosa, Braulio Sanchéz-Saes, and Luís E. Sotto were undoubtedly a few of these intellectuals. This article aims to study the action of Luís da Câmara Cascudo disseminating Brazilian modernism through Intellectual Argentina from 1922 to 1925.

ABSTRACT One of the greatest environmental impacts from livestock is caused by enteric methane emissions, a powerful greenhouse gas. In this context, some anti-methanogenic compounds have been evaluated, such as lovastatin (LOV), which is a hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, a key enzyme for membrane synthesis of methanogenic archaea. This could be an option to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants. However, there are few in vitro studies and there is no general agreement about the methane mitigation by LOV under these conditions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of LOV on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics in comparison with monensin (MON) and bromoethane sulfonic acid (BES). An in vitro batch incubation was carried out using a high-grain diet and bovine rumen fluid. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, LOV, MON, BES, and a control with no inhibitor. The results demonstrated a favorable effect of LOV on rumen fermentation pattern in terms of methane mitigation (43.56 % inhibition) without affecting the volatile fatty acids (VFA) profile. However, the dose of LOV to obtain this result was very high compared to the doses used in the other treatments. MON was the most effective treatment based on the concentration/inhibition of methanogenesis, followed by the BES; although, both compounds were associated to changes in the VFA profile.

RESUMEN Uno de los mayores impactos ambientales de la ganadería es la emisión de metano entérico, un potente gas de efecto invernadero. En este contexto, se han evaluado algunos compuestos antimetanogénicos tales como la lovastatina (LOV), un inhibidor de la hidroximetilglutaril-CoA reductasa, enzima clave para la síntesis de membrana en arqueas metanogénicas. Esta podría ser una opción para mitigar las emisiones de metano ruminal. Sin embargo, los experimentos in vitro son escasos y no existe un criterio general sobre la mitigación de metano con LOV en estas condiciones. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto in vitro de la LOV sobre la metanogénesis y características de la fermentación ruminal, así como comparar los resultados con aquellos de la monensina (MON) y el ácido bromoetano sulfónico (BES). Se realizó una prueba in vitro en lote. Se utilizó una ración alta en grano, fluido ruminal de bovinos y tres inhibidores metanogénicos. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con tres tratamientos (LOV, MON, BES) y un testigo sin inhibidor. En este trabajo la LOV mostró efectos alentadores sobre la mitigación de la metanogénesis en la fermentación ruminal (43.56 %) sin afectar la producción total y perfil de AGV. Sin embargo, la dosis para obtener este resultado fue mayor en comparación con las de los otros tratamientos. La MON fue la más efectiva con relación a la concentración/inhibición de la metanogénesis, seguida del BES. Ambos tratamientos presentaron cambios en el perfil de AGV.

ABSTRACT Background COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has affected Peru on a large scale. Potential clinical and/or epidemiological factors that are related to the positivity of SARS-CoV-2 in the high Andean population are not documented. Objective: To determine factors associated with positivity of SARS-CoV-2 in people living in Ancash. Material and methods Analytical transversal study. We used the records of patients treated for suspected COVID-19 in a public hospital in Huaraz in March-May 2020. Prevalence ratios (PR) with confidence intervals were estimated. In simple regression analysis, prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated, using Poisson distribution family, log-link function and robust variance. Results Out of 903 patients98), cough (RP=2.27), respiratory distress (RP=2.97), diarrhea (RP=2.69), general malaise (RP=1.82), odynophagia (RP=1.69) were positively associated with having a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the multiple regressions, the association was maintained in four characteristics: being male (RP=2.7), having a cough (RP=1.45), respiratory distress (RP=2.15), and diarrhea (RP=1.89). Conclusion In high Andean areas, most positive cases present typical symptoms. The factors associated with positivity were male sex and the presence of cough, respiratory difficulty and diarrhea.

RESUMEN Introducción: El COVID 19 es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el SARS-CoV-2 que ha afectado en gran escala al Perú. No están documentados los potenciales factores clínicos y/o epidemiológicos que están relacionados a la positividad de SARS-CoV-2 en población altoandina. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a positividad de SARS-Cov-2 en personas que viven en Ancash. Material y métodos Estudio transversal analítico. Se utilizaron los registros de pacientes atendidos por sospecha de COVID-19 en un hospital público de Huaraz en marzo-mayo 2020. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) con intervalos de confianza. En el análisis de regresión simple, se estimaron razones de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza al 95%, utilizando familia de distribución Poisson, función de enlace log y varianza robusta Resultados De 903 pacientes, 13.7% pacientes resultaron positivos a SARS-CoV-2. En la regresión simple, resultó que el sexo masculino (RP=2.98), presentar tos (RP=2.27), dificultad respiratoria (RP=2.97), diarrea (RP=2.69), malestar general (RP=1.82), odinofagia (RP=1.69) se asociaron positivamente a tener prueba SARS-CoV-2 positiva. En la regresión múltiple se mantuvo la asociación en cuatro características: ser varón (RP=2.7), presentar tos (RP=1.45), dificultad respiratoria (RP=2.15) y diarrea (RP=1.89). Conclusión En zona altoandina, los casos positivos en su mayoría presentan síntomas típicos. Los factores asociados a la positividad fueron el sexo masculino y la presencia de dificultad tos, respiratoria y diarrea.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is evidence regarding the inverse relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the development of chronic conditions such as coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Objective: To determine the factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet in patients attended in a Peruvian medical center. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study in 209 patients attended at a medical center in Lima, Peru. The PREDIMED questionnaire was used to measure adherence to Mediterranean diet. Correlation between the Mediterranean diet adherence score and the covariates, age, sex, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, fasting hyperglycemia and nutritional diagnosis was investigated. General linear models were used. Results: Of 209 participants, the majority were male (79.9 %) and the median age was 31 years. The 20.2 % had obesity, those who presented alterations in triglycerides were 29.1 %, cholesterol (21.7 %) and fasting glycemia (26.8 %). As for the PREDIMED score, the mean was 4.6 points. It was found that fasting hyperglycemia (Coef. = -2.08) had a negative association with the Mediterranean diet adherence score. Conclusion: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern is low, and is negatively correlated with hyperglycemia findings in the participants evaluated.

RESUMEN Introducción: Existen evidencias respecto a la relación inversa, entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y el desarrollo de padecimientos crónicos como enfermedad coronaria, síndrome metabólico y diabetes. Objetivo: Determinar los factores bioquímicos asociados a la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, en pacientes atendidos en un centro médico peruano. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 209 pacientes atendidos en un centro médico de Lima, Perú. Se utilizó el cuestionario PREDIMED para medir la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Se indagó la correlación entre el puntaje de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y las covariables, edad, sexo, hipertrigliceridemia, hipercolesterolemia, hiperglicemia en ayunas y diagnóstico nutricional. Se utilizaron modelos lineales generales. Resultados: De 209 participantes, la mayoría fueron hombres (79,9 %) y la mediana de edad fue de 31 años. El 20,2 % tenía obesidad, quienes presentaron alteraciones en triglicéridos, fueron el 29,1 %, colesterol (21,7 %) y glicemia en ayunas (26,8 %). En cuanto al puntaje del PREDIMED, la media fue de 4,6 puntos. Se encontró que la hiperglicemia en ayunas (Coef. = -2,08) tuvo asociación negativa con el puntaje de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Conclusión: La adherencia al patrón de dieta mediterránea es baja, y se correlaciona de forma negativa con hallazgos de hiperglicemia en los participantes evaluados.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the validity of the American Diabetes Association (ADA Test) risk test as a screening for prediabetes in a sample of Peruvian workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study of diagnostic tests. Secondary analysis of the data generated by the electronic health record of an occupational polyclinic carried out in January and February 2020. The sample was made up of workers from different areas who attended for their occupational medical evaluation. Prediabetes was considered with a fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg / dl but less than 126 mg / dl. Results: 397 subjects were evaluated. The prevalence of prediabetes was 29% (115/397), with a cutoff ≥ 3 points. The ADA Test presented an area under the curve of 0.868, a sensitivity of 94.8%, and a specificity of 51.8%. The positive predictive value was 44.5%, and the negative was 96.1%. Finally, the positive likelihood coefficient calculated was 1.96, and the negative was 0.101. Conclusion: The ADA test, with a 3-point cutoff, proves to be a simple, pragmatic screening tool for undiagnosed cases of prediabetes. Suppose current results are confirmed in future research due to their simplicity. In that case, it can facilitate various initiatives aimed at introducing and expanding early prevention and management strategies based on this trial.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de la prueba de riesgo de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (Prueba ADA) como cribado para prediabetes en una muestra de trabajadores peruanos. Métodos: Estudio transversal de pruebas diagnósticas. Análisis secundario de los datos generados por el registro electrónico en salud de un policlínico ocupacional, realizado en los meses enero y febrero del año 2020. La muestra estuvo conformada por trabajadores de diferentes áreas que asistieron para su evaluación médica ocupacional. Se consideró prediabetes con una glucosa en ayunas ≥ 100 mg/dl pero menor a 126 mg/dl. Resultados: Se evaluaron 397 sujetos. La prevalencia de prediabetes fue 29% (115/397). Con un corte ≥ 3 puntos, la Prueba ADA presentó un área bajo la curva de 0.868, una sensibilidad del 94,8% y una especificidad del 51,8%. El valor predictivo positio fue de 44,5% y negativo fue de 96,1%. Por último, el coeficiente de verosimilitud positivo calculado fue de 1,96, y el negativo fue de 0,101. Conclusión: La prueba ADA, con un corte de 3 puntos, demuestra ser una herramienta de detección pragmática simple para casos no diagnosticados de prediabetes. Si los resultados actuales se confirman en investigaciones futuras, debido a su simplicidad, puede facilitar diversas iniciativas orientadas a introducir y ampliar estrategias de gestión y prevención temprana a partir de esta prueba.

Abstract Introduction: Identification of hepatitis B virus carriers in blood donors is imperative in order to avoid transmission of the disease via blood transfusion. Objective: To determine if blood donors with positive results for serological markers HBsAg and anti-HBc were hepatitis B virus DNA carriers. Methods: 12,745 samples were collected from six Ecuadorian blood banks and analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs infectious markers by automated ELISA. All samples that tested positive for one, two or all three markers were analyzed with molecular techniques to determine the presence of viral DNA. Results: 27.5 % of the samples that were reactive for anti-HBc alone and 100 % of those with positive results for HbsAg and IgM/IgG anti-HBc were identified to contain hepatitis B virus DNA (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The selection of infection markers, as well as the detection methods define the results. Performing two serological and one molecular test is important in order to identify hepatitis B virus carriers and prevent its transmission.

Resumen Introducción: La identificación de portadores del virus de la hepatitis B en donantes de sangre es imperativo para evitar la transmisión de la enfermedad a través de transfusiones sanguíneas. Objetivo: Determinar si los donantes de sangre con resultados positivos de los marcadores serológicos HbsAg y anti-HBc eran portadores de ADN del virus de la hepatitis B. Métodos: Se recolectaron 12 745 muestras de seis bancos de sangre ecuatorianos, las cuales fueron analizadas con pruebas serológicas para identificar los marcadores infecciosos HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs mediante prueba ELISA automatizada. Todas las muestras positivas para uno, dos o los tres marcadores fueron analizadas con técnica molecular para determinar la presencia de ADN viral. Resultados: Se identificó que 27.5 % de las muestras reactivas solo a anti-HBc y 100 % de las muestras con resultados positivos de HBsAg/anti-HBc-IgM/IgG presentaron ADN del virus de la hepatitis B (p = 0.001). Conclusiones: La elección de los marcadores de infección y los métodos de detección definen los resultados. Es importante la realización de dos pruebas serológicas y una molecular para identificar a los portadores del virus de la hepatitis B y evitar su transmisión.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although multiple clinical evidence is being generated about COVID-19, it is also critical to address the strategies and actions that people have adopted to face stressful situations during the mandatory quarantine due to the pandemic. Objective: To determine the factors associated with psychological coping to COVID-19 in the general population. Method: Analytical cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited through an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The level of passive and active coping was evaluated, using the coping scale against extreme risks. Additionally, using the mean of the passive and active coping scores, the association with sociodemographic variables, group membership, compliance with social isolation and the report of knowing someone diagnosed with COVID-19 was evaluated. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using generalized linear models. Results: Of 463 participants, the majority was Peruvian (67,4 %), fully complying with social isolation measures (78,4 %). The mean active and passive coping scores were 54,1 and 30,3, respectively. 57,2 % and 54 % of the participants presented a level of active and passive coping above the mean, respectively. The factors associated with a high level of active coping were a high educational level (RP = 1,23) and complete compliance with social isolation measures (RP = 1,35). Conclusion: Having a high educational level and compliance with social isolation were positively associated with a high level of active coping.

RESUMEN Introducción: Aunque se está generando múltiple evidencia clínica sobre la COVID-19, también es crítico abordar sobre las estrategias y acciones que han adoptado las personas para enfrentar situaciones estresantes durante la cuarentena obligatoria debido a la pandemia. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al afrontamiento psicológico frente a la COVID-19 en la población general. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se reclutaron los participantes a través de una encuesta en línea, durante el periodo de pandemia por la COVID-19. Se evaluó el nivel de afrontamiento pasivo y activo, utilizando la escala de afrontamiento frente a riesgos extremos. Adicionalmente, se utilizó la media de los puntajes de afrontamiento pasivo y activo, se evaluó la asociación con variables sociodemográficas, pertenencia a grupos, cumplimiento de aislamiento social y reporte de conocer alguien diagnosticado con la COVID-19. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) con el uso de modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: De 463 participantes, la mayoría era peruano (67,4 %), cumplía totalmente las medidas de aislamiento social (78,4 %). La media de puntuación de afrontamiento activo y pasivo fue de 54,1 y 30,3, respectivamente. El 57,2 % y 54 % de los participantes presentó nivel de afrontamiento activo y pasivo superior a la media, respectivamente. Los factores asociados a alto nivel de afrontamiento activo fueron alto nivel educativo (RP = 1,23) y cumplir completamente las medidas de aislamiento social (RP = 1,35). Conclusión: Tener alto nivel educativo y el cumplimiento del aislamiento social estuvieron asociados positivamente a alto nivel de afrontamiento activo.

Abstract Introduction: Endometrial bone metaplasia is a type of benign metaplasia, in which bone tissue is identified in the endometrial cavity. It is a rare entity with an annual incidence of three cases per 10,000 women, it is usually a finding. Clinical case: A 35-year-old patient who attends routine assessment, identifying hyperechogenic linear ultrasound image in the endometrial cavity compatible with an intrauterine device; when attempting to extract it, bone tissue fragments are obtained, which are sent to pathology reporting endometrial bone metaplasia. Conclusion: Endometrial bone metaplasia is a rare entity that is usually underdiagnosed, so in most cases a therapeutic diagnostic approach is not performed. The etiology, diagnosis and treatment of this rare entity is discussed.

Introducción: La metaplasia ósea endometrial es de tipo benigna, en la cual se identifica tejido óseo en la cavidad endometrial. Es una entidad poco frecuente con incidencia anual de tres casos por cada 10,000 mujeres, generalmente es un hallazgo. Caso clínico: Paciente de 35 años que acude a valoración de rutina, identificando imagen ecográfica lineal hiperecogénica en cavidad endometrial compatible con dispositivo intrauterino; al intentar la extracción del mismo, se obtienen fragmentos de tejido óseo que se envían a patología y reportan metaplasia ósea endometrial. Conclusión: La metaplasia ósea endometrial es una entidad poco frecuente que suele ser subdiagnosticada, por lo que en la mayoría de los casos no se realiza un abordaje diagnóstico terapéutico. Se discute la etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta rara entidad.

Abstract Isla del Carmen lies within a natural protected area in the southern Gulf of Mexico and supports many plants and animal species of ecological conservation concern. However, rapid urbanization threatens its biodiversity. Although many animal groups here are relatively well studied, there is a lack of monitoring of the bird communities at least during the last 15 years. To contribute to the knowledge and to update the information on the birdlife in this area, we evaluated the inter-annual variation of the abundance and species richness of birds along the coastline of Isla del Carmen from 2012 to 2016 using survey transects on the shore and nearby urban areas. We recorded 137 bird species, from which more than half (56%) are considered migratory species, and 3% are exotics. Some of the recorded bird species, considered winter visitors, showed signs of reproductive activity, as evident reproductive plumage was observed during the local breeding season for more than one year, including seven species considered winter visitors. There was significant inter-annual variation in bird diversity and abundance, which may be linked to human activities and or coastal erosion processes. Twenty-three out of the 137 avian species recorded are first time reports in this area. The results presented here contribute to updating the knowledge on the resident and migratory avian community in the southern Gulf of Mexico, as well as on the distribution of bird species of international concern.

Resumen Isla del Carmen se encuentra en un área natural protegida del sur del Golfo de México y alberga muchas especies de interés para la conservación. Sin embargo, la rápida urbanización amenaza su biodiversidad. Aunque aquí muchos grupos animales están relativamente bien estudiados, carece de monitoreo de la comunidad de aves al menos en los últimos 15 años. Para contribuir a actualizar la información sobre las aves en esta área evaluamos la variación interanual de la abundancia y diversidad de 2012 a 2016. Utilizamos transectos de monitoreo en la costa y áreas urbanas cercanas. Registramos 137 especies, más de la mitad (56%) fueron especies migratorias y un 3% fueron exóticas. Algunas de las especies que registramos, consideradas visitantes de invierno, mostraron plumaje reproductivo evidente durante la temporada de reproducción local en más de un año durante el periodo de estudio. Hubo una variación interanual significativa en la diversidad y abundancia de aves, que podría vincularse a actividades humanas o procesos de erosión costera. Veintitrés de las 137 especies de aves registradas son reportadas por primera vez en esta área. Nuestros resultados actualizan el conocimiento sobre la comunidad aviar del sur del Golfo de México, y sobre la distribución de especies de interés internacional.

ABSTRACT This study establishes the season for the immigration (recruitment) of Penaeus setiferus and P. duorarum postlarvae into Términos Lagoon, México, as well as the hydrological conditions that occur during this event. The abundance of postlarvae of both species was used to infer the reproductive period for each species. The zooplankton collection was carried out monthly for three years. The nets used were 50 cm in diameter, 1.5 m in length and 505 μm mesh size, and temperature and salinity were measured with an YSI. The fluvial discharges were taken from Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA). The harmonic pattern variation (HPV) was analyzed for each variable (density of postlarvae, salinity, temperature and fluvial discharge). A cycle was analyzed and divided into two episodes (rise and descent) to estimate the HPV of each postlarval species. The entrance of both postlarval species starts from June to September, with higher density in August, which decreases from October to May, with the lowest density in March. The first episode was established from June to August and the second episode in September. During the first episode the hydrological conditions were: high salinity (34), a warm temperature (30°C) and low accumulated fluvial discharge (2,828 m3 s-1), while, in the second, they were low salinity (28), a moderately warm temperature (29°C) and high accumulated fluvial discharge (3,934 m3 s-1).